Tag Exodus

The Exodus of Jesus

Todd R 2 Comments

Bible translators have a tough job, otherwise one English translation would be all we have or need.  Translation isn’t a straight-forward process. There are many trade-offs, including between ease of reading in contemporary settings, and depth of meaning in the original context, but sometimes I wish different choices were made.

One example is Luke 9:30-31, which says: “And behold, two men were talking with him, Moses and Elijah, who appeared in glory and spoke of his departure, which he was about to accomplish at Jerusalem” (from ESV, emphasis mine). This happened during an event known as the Transfiguration, when Jesus took His disciples Peter, James, and John up a mountain for a vision of His future glory.  Matthew records in his gospel that Jesus “was transfigured before them, and his face shone like the sun, and his clothes became white as light.”[1]

While on that mountain, the 3 lucky disciples also witnessed a conversation about something: Jesus’ “departure.”  In a recent sermon I learned that the word translated “departure” is “exodos” in the original Greek.  For ease of reading purposes, “departure” is a more familiar word and makes a lot of sense to a modern reader, because Jesus was soon to depart the world temporarily through death, then more permanently after His resurrection.  On the other hand, “exodos” literally means an exit, or figuratively a death, but to the original audience and those familiar with Old Testament history, the word “exodos” carries other meanings as well.

So, why would Moses and Elijah be talking to Jesus about His “exodos”?  Because they both had history with such “departures.”

As told in the Old Testament book of Exodus, Moses was called by God while the descendants of Israel (Jacob) were slaves in Egypt.  After performing many miracles in God’s power, Moses led the new nation of Israel on an exodus out of literal slavery in Egypt.

Elijah performed many miracles, and prophesied that the nation of Israel, unless they repent of their disobedience, would be taken back into exile, but later be freed from Assyrian rule in that generation’s exodus.

Again, why would Moses and Elijah be talking to Jesus about His “exodos”?  Because Jesus was going to lead spiritual Israel out of slavery to sin around the entire world, from each nation, in every generation’s Exodus.  Moses, Elijah, and Jesus would have had a lot to talk about.

“And behold, two men were talking with him, Moses and Elijah, who appeared in glory and spoke of his exodos, which he was about to accomplish at Jerusalem.”

[1] Matthew 17:2

Attention to God’s Details

Todd R 1 Comment

“Bezalel made the ark of acacia wood. Two cubits and a half was its length, a cubit and a half its breadth, and a cubit and a half its height.” – Exodus 37:1

The ark in miniature. Photo by Igor Rodrigues on Unsplash

Most of Exodus chapters 36-40 cover the many, many details of the construction of the tabernacle and all of its utensils and other parts.  We may tire of reading chapters of details, but the point is that Bezalel and others put a massive amount of care (and obedience) into the implementation of God’s pattern for the tabernacle, as shown to Moses on the mountain.

What does it mean for us now?  That we should put as much care into learning what God wants of us and put it into action in our lives.

“For whatever was written in former days was written for our instruction, that through endurance and through the encouragement of the Scriptures we might have hope.  May the God of endurance and encouragement grant you to live in such harmony with one another, in accord with Christ Jesus, that together you may with one voice glorify the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.”  – Romans 15:4-6

When Rights Collide

Todd R 2 Comments

For a time, Moses was the sole judge over Israel, deciding right and wrong in countless cases brought by the people.  This was a massive burden and brought him to exhaustion, until his father-in-law Jethro urged Moses to delegate some of the responsibility.  Jethro tells Moses to find some able, trustworthy men, and in Exodus 18:22, he says “And let them judge the people at all times. Every great matter they shall bring to you, but any small matter they shall decide themselves. So it will be easier for you, and they will bear the burden with you.”  Moses was to act essentially as a court of appeal for hard cases.  What kind of “great matter” might Moses get?

Deuteronomy 17:8 might be one example: “if any case arises requiring decision between one kind of homicide and another, one kind of legal right and another, or one kind of assault and another, any case within your towns that is too difficult for you, then you shall arise and go up to the place that the LORD your God will choose.”

What the Bible recognizes here is that the right solution isn’t always obvious.  The Bible recognizes that things can get messy.  Life isn’t always as black-and-white, right-versus-wrong as we might think.  There are complex situations where rights conflict with rights, rather than a simple right versus wrong.  Each side of the case – the plaintiff and the defendant – might be at fault.

For example, suppose one person assaulted another without provocation, but in return the other retaliated in an unjustified way.  Should both complaints cancel each other out, and no judgement declared either way?  Or should the judge enforce the penalty for both crimes independent of each other?  If one penalty is greater than the other, should a judge subtract one penalty from the other and enforce the difference on the person with the greater crime?  Would that be justice for either person?

Sometimes there aren’t easy answers, even based on God’s perfect, revealed law.  All of us are sinful and justice requires we be punished for the times we have violated some kind of legal right, committed come kind of assault, or harmed someone in another way.  What solution can untangle all of these competing claims for justice?

The only viable answer is forgiveness, but forgiveness doesn’t come free, or cheap.  For our violations against God, the cost of forgiveness was Jesus’ suffering and dying on the cross.  For our sins against each other, God demands that we forgive others as we have been forgiven by Him.  We are to bear the cross of not only our sins, but the sins of others.  Forgiveness is hard because it sometimes means not demanding that our rights be respected.  Sometimes it means our sense of justice might be violated.  Yet forgiveness is what our Lord demands.

As Jesus said in Matthew 6:14-15, “For if you forgive others their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you, but if you do not forgive others their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses.”

Moses may have been able to be the court of appeal for Israel, to bear the burden of every “great matter” of the time, but only Jesus could bear the burden of every matter for all time.  He asks us to follow His example, even when we think we have the right to do otherwise.

Waiting on God’s Timely Deliverance

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Fellow Travelers,

There are times in our lives where God seems to be distant and uninvolved.  In these times we may feel like crying out with the Psalmist:

“Awake! Why are you sleeping, O Lord?
            Rouse yourself! Do not reject us forever!
Why do you hide your face?
            Why do you forget our affliction and oppression?”[1]

The nation of Israel faced times like these, and one example comes from Exodus chapter 5.  The story is during Israel’s slavery in Egypt, while Moses was pleading with Pharaoh to let Israel go to worship God.  Pharaoh was stubborn because Israel was a vast (and free) workforce for him.  Instead of letting Israel go, he decided to punish them.  Pharaoh commanded his taskmasters: “You shall no longer give the people straw to make bricks, as in the past; let them go and gather straw for themselves.  But the number of bricks that they made in the past you shall impose on them, you shall by no means reduce it, for they are idle. Therefore they cry, ‘Let us go and offer sacrifice to our God.”[2]

With their jobs suddenly much harder, the people of Israel complained to Moses: “The LORD look on you and judge, because you have made us stink in the sight of Pharaoh and his servants, and have put a sword in their hand to kill us.”[3]  Even Moses became discouraged and frustrated, as we see in the next verses: “Then Moses turned to the LORD and said, “O Lord, why have you done evil to this people? Why did you ever send me?  For since I came to Pharaoh to speak in your name, he has done evil to this people, and you have not delivered your people at all.”[4]

It seemed like God was “sleeping.”  Like He had forgotten His people’s “affliction and oppression.”

However, we know that earlier God told Moses: “I have surely seen the affliction of my people who are in Egypt and have heard their cry because of their taskmasters. I know their sufferings, and I have come down to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians and to bring them up out of that land to a good and broad land, a land flowing with milk and honey, to the place of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites.”[5]

God was not sleeping; He has “surely seen” what was happening.  He also had not forgotten; He had a plan “to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians,” even if it wasn’t apparent to Moses and the people.  Their frustration grew because time had passed since God made His promises, and they still hadn’t been delivered.

Do we often feel the same frustration?  Do we often feel His deliverance should come sooner?  We know in our minds that God sees the effect of sin on the world, and on each one of us.  We also know that He has promised to return and deliver us from our sin.  But time keeps passing.

From our point of view, we have information Moses and the people didn’t have.  We know that Israel did eventually enter the “broad land, a land flowing with milk and honey.”  It took time, but it happened when God determined it was the right time.  When His people were truly ready.  Therefore, we know that God will also deliver us when He determines it is the right time.  When His people are ready.  Not because we see certain signs or our interpretations of prophecy have been fulfilled.  We have the gospel “as a plan for the fullness of time, to unite all things in him, things in heaven and things on earth.”[6]  When the time is right, according to God (not according to us), all will be aligned under His plan.  Things we currently know and see, and things not yet revealed.  Only God knows.

In the meantime, do we give God the right to determine the method and timing of our deliverance?  Or do we impatiently insist on our own way and timing?  Would we have chosen this world as the path to heaven, or would we have designed a different way, if given the choice?  Because this is the world we have, we know God chose this way, and we must trust Him, for only Jesus is “the way, and the truth, and the life.”[7]

Sometimes things look to us like we should cry out to God, “you have not delivered your people at all,” but He delivered Israel from Egypt in His time, and He will deliver us in His time.  He guarantees it.

[1] Psalm 44:23-24
[2] Exodus 5:7-8
[3] Exodus 5:21b
[4] Exodus 5:22-23
[5] Exodus 3: 7b-8
[6] Ephesians 1:10
[7] John 14:6

Serving Other Gods

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Foundational to God’s relationship with His people – His covenant – is the idea that He will be our God and we will be His people.  If we forsake all other “gods,” we will be blessed immeasurably by the true God, Yahweh.

However, in the time of the Old Testament prophet Jeremiah, right before the exile of Judah into Babylon, God’s people were not being faithful to Yahweh and were worse than prior generations in their rebellion.  So, Jeremiah says in chapter 16, verse 13 – “Therefore I will hurl you out of this land into a land that neither you nor your fathers have known, and there you shall serve other gods day and night, for I will show you no favor.”

This punishment has 2 parts: banishment from the Promised Land, and also “you shall serve other gods day and night.”  Have you ever thought that serving gods other than Yahweh is a punishment, or just that its bad or sinful?   It certainly isn’t the way the world sees it: many consider serving any god as punishment.  Others might have their own gods and would only consider serving other gods, including Yahweh, as punishment.  But here the Bible says that it is only punishment to follow false gods.

Why is this?  A good explanation comes from another prophet, Zechariah, in chapter 10, verse 2:

“For the household gods utter nonsense,
            and the diviners see lies;
they tell false dreams
            and give empty consolation.
Therefore the people wander like sheep;
            they are afflicted for lack of a shepherd.”

Compared to a loving, omniscient, wise God, these other gods have no knowledge or wisdom and are not benevolent.  They cannot give us what we need to live and are not worthy of worship.  They cannot guide us like our Good Shepherd can.  Therefore, when we choose to follow anything other than Yahweh, are we punishing ourselves?

When Yahweh said “You shall have no other gods before me” in Exodus 20:3, He said it for our own benefit, and for His glory.

Amen.